An AI in the Triad: A Conceptual Model for Augmenting Collaborative Idea Construction with Generative AI

Authors

  • Siaw Hai Ng Bau Education Office, Sarawak, 94000, Malaysia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62208/jelr.3.2.p.64-71

Keywords:

Generative AI, Collaborative writing

Abstract

The integration of Generative AI (GenAI) into educational settings   necessitates a paradigm shift for collaborative learning, as established frameworks remain undertheorized for non-human agents. Extending the empirically grounded Collaborative Idea Construction (CIC) model and its stable peer roles (MKP, PA, DP), this paper proposes the AI- Enhanced CIC (AI-CIC) framework. GenAI is conceptualized as a novel 'Peer Apprentice' rather than a simple tool. This intervention reshapes human social architecture, transforming the Peer Assistant into an 'AI Validator' and elevating the More Knowledgeable Peer to a 'Metacognitive Facilitator.' Consequently, the collaborative workflow is hypothesized to become more linear. The AI-CIC model offers a theory-driven framework with testable propositions regarding emergent socio-technical roles and workflow shifts. It provides a foundation for future empirical research and informs pedagogical strategies for facilitating critical human-AI interaction.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmad, Z., Kaiser, W., & Rahim, S. (2023). Hallucinations in ChatGPT: An Unreliable Tool for Learning. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n4.17

Akbar, M. S. (2025). Beyond Detection: Designing AI-Resilient Assessments with Automated Feedback Tool to Foster Critical Thinking (No. arXiv:2503.23622). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.23622

Albadarin, Y., Saqr, M., Pope, N., & Tukiainen, M. (2024). A systematic literature review of empirical research on ChatGPT in education. Discover Education, 3(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-024-00138-2

Amrullah, M. F. N. (2025). Human-AI Collaboration in Education: Designing Effective Teacher-AI Partnerships for Enhanced Learning. Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis, 32(9s), 1865–1869. https://doi.org/10.52783/cana.v32.4357

Author. (2021). [Details withheld for blind review].

Baker, M., & Reimann, P. (2024). Editorial Notes: Revitalising foundational concepts. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 19(4), 395–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11412-024-09440-5

Cannity, D. (2024). Generative AI: A New Frontier with Familiar Challenges. Medical Science Educator, 34(1), 9–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-024-02237-z

Cardon, P., Fleischmann, C., Aritz, J., Logemann, M., & Heidewald, J. (2023). The Challenges and Opportunities of AI-Assisted Writing: Developing AI Literacy for the AI Age. Business and Professional Communication Quarterly, 86(3), 257–295. https://doi.org/10.1177/23294906231176517

Combrinck, C. (2024). A tutorial for integrating generative AI in mixed methods data analysis. Discover Education, 3(1), 116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-024-00214-7

Corbin, T., Tai, J., & Flenady, G. (2025). Understanding the place and value of GenAI feedback: A recognition-based framework. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 50(5), 718–731. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2025.2459641

Costello, E., Brunton, J., Otrel-Cass, K., Lyngdorf, N. E. R., & Brown, M. (2024). Hacking Happier Futures: An AI-augmented student hackathon to address affective and ethical digital learning challenges. EDEN Annual Conference Proceedings: Learning in the Age of AI: Towards Imaginative Futures, 9.

Cress, U., & Kimmerle, J. (2023). Co-constructing knowledge with generative AI tools: Reflections from a CSCL perspective. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 18(4), 607–614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11412-023-09409-w

Deep, P. D., & Chen, Y. (2025). The Role of AI in Academic Writing: Impacts on Writing Skills, Critical Thinking, and Integrity in Higher Education. Societies, 15(9), 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15090247

Francis, N. J., Jones, S., & Smith, D. P. (2025). Generative AI in Higher Education: Balancing Innovation and Integrity. British Journal of Biomedical Science, 81, 14048. https://doi.org/10.3389/bjbs.2024.14048

Hodges, C. B., & Kirschner, P. A. (2024). Innovation of Instructional Design and Assessment in the Age of Generative Artificial Intelligence. TechTrends, 68(1), 195–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-023-00926-x

Hu, W., Tian, J., & Li, Y. (2025). Enhancing student engagement in online collaborative writing through a generative AI-based conversational agent. The Internet and Higher Education, 65, 100979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2024.100979

Jaakkola, E. (2020). Designing conceptual articles: Four approaches. AMS Review, 10(1), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-020-00161-0

Jose, B., Cherian, J., Verghis, A. M., Varghise, S. M., S, M., & Joseph, S. (2025). The cognitive paradox of AI in education: Between enhancement and erosion. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1550621

Kadel, R., Shailendra, S., & Saxena, U. R. (2025). Navigating the New Landscape: A Conceptual Model for Project-Based Assessment (PBA) in the Age of GenAI (No. arXiv:2508.11709). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.11709

Khan, K. (2025). Automated but Atrophied? Student Over-Reliance vs Expert Augmentation of AI in Learning and Cybersecurity (No. arXiv:2507.21062). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2507.21062

Kim, J., Yu, S., Detrick, R., & Li, N. (2025). Exploring students’ perspectives on Generative AI-assisted academic writing. Education and Information Technologies, 30(1), 1265–1300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12878-7

Lee, A. V. Y., Teo, C. L., & Tan, S. C. (2024). Prompt Engineering for Knowledge Creation: Using Chain-of-Thought to Support Students’ Improvable Ideas. AI, 5(3), 1446–1461. https://doi.org/10.3390/ai5030069

Lindsay, E. D., Otto, S., & Ejsing-Duun, S. (2024). Three Frameworks to Support Engineering Education to Develop with Generative AI. Proceedings of the 35th Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE) Annual Conference AAEE. Australasian Association for Engineering Education.

Lubbe, A., Marais, E., & Kruger, D. (2025). Cultivating independent thinkers: The triad of artificial intelligence, Bloom’s taxonomy and critical thinking in assessment pedagogy. Education and Information Technologies, 30(12), 17589–17622. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13476-x

MacInnis, D. J. (2011). A Framework for Conceptual Contributions in Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 75(4), 136–154. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.75.4.136

Makransky, G., Shiwalia, B. M., Herlau, T., & Blurton, S. (2024). Beyond the ‘Wow’ factor: Using Generative AI for Increasing Generative Sense-Making. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5622133/v1

Memon, T. D., & Kwan, P. (2025). A Collaborative Model for Integrating Teacher and GenAI into Future Education. TechTrends, 69, 1192–1206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-025-01105-w

Ouyang, F., Xu, W., & Cukurova, M. (2022). An Artificial Intelligence driven Learning Analytics Method to Examine the Collaborative Problem solving Process from a Complex Adaptive Systems Perspective (No. arXiv:2210.16059). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2210.16059

Pallant, J. L., Blijlevens, J., Campbell, A., & Jopp, R. (2025). Mastering knowledge: The impact of generative AI on student learning outcomes. Studies in Higher Education, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2025.2487570

Pratschke, B. M. (2023). Generativism: The new hybrid (No. arXiv:2309.12468). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.12468

Rasul, T., Nair, S., Kalendra, D., Balaji, M. S., Santini, F. de O., Ladeira, W. J., Rather, R. A., Yasin, N., Rodriguez, R. V., Kokkalis, P., Murad, M. W., & Hossain, M. U. (2024). Enhancing academic integrity among students in GenAI Era:A holistic framework. The International Journal of Management Education, 22(3), 101041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.101041

Salhab, R. (2024). AI Literacy across Curriculum Design: Investigating College Instructor’s Perspectives. Online Learning, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v28i2.4426

Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (2005). Knowledge Building: Theory, Pedagogy, and Technology. In R. K. Sawyer (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences (1st edn, pp. 97–116). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511816833.008

Shibani, A., Knight, S., Kitto, K., Karunanayake, A., & Buckingham Shum, S. (2024). Untangling Critical Interaction with AI in Students’ Written Assessment. Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/3613905.3651083

Skulmowski, A. (2024). Placebo or Assistant? Generative AI Between Externalization and Anthropomorphization. Educational Psychology Review, 36(2), 58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09894-x

Song, C., & Song, Y. (2023). Enhancing academic writing skills and motivation: Assessing the efficacy of ChatGPT in AI-assisted language learning for EFL students. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1260843

Stahl, G. (2006). Group Cognition: Computer Support for Building Collaborative Knowledge. The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/3372.001.0001

Swindell, A., Greeley, L., Farag, A., & Verdone, B. (2024). Against Artificial Education: Towards an Ethical Framework for Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Use in Education. Online Learning, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v28i2.4438

Tzirides, A. O. (Olnancy), Zapata, G., Kastania, N. P., Saini, A. K., Castro, V., Ismael, S. A., You, Y., Santos, T. A. dos, Searsmith, D., O’Brien, C., Cope, B., & Kalantzis, M. (2024). Combining human and artificial intelligence for enhanced AI literacy in higher education. Computers and Education Open, 6, 100184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100184

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.

Wang, C. (2025). Exploring Students’ Generative AI-Assisted Writing Processes: Perceptions and Experiences from Native and Nonnative English Speakers. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 30(3), 1825–1846. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-024-09744-3

Xu, W., Wu, Y., & Ouyang, F. (2023). Multimodal learning analytics of collaborative patterns during pair programming in higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-022-00377-z

Yan, L. (2025). From Passive Tool to Socio-cognitive Teammate: A Conceptual Framework for Agentic AI in Human-AI Collaborative Learning (No. arXiv:2508.14825). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.14825

Yan, L., Greiff, S., Teuber, Z., & Gašević, D. (2024). Promises and challenges of generative artificial intelligence for human learning. Nature Human Behaviour, 8(10), 1839–1850. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02004-5

Zhou, X., & Schofield, L. (2024). Using social learning theories to explore the role of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in collaborative learning. Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, 30. https://doi.org/10.47408/jldhe.vi30.1031

Downloads

Published

2026-02-10

How to Cite

Ng, S. H. (2026). An AI in the Triad: A Conceptual Model for Augmenting Collaborative Idea Construction with Generative AI. Journal of Education and Learning Research, 3(2), 64-71. https://doi.org/10.62208/jelr.3.2.p.64-71

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.