A Literature Review of Multimodal Text Use in Teaching Observation Report Writing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62208/jelr.4.2.p.9-19Keywords:
Literature Review, Multimodal Texts, Observation Report, WritingAbstract
Multimodal texts are increasingly used in writing instruction, yet their application to observation report (LHO) writing, a genre that demands objective, factual, and systematically structured descriptions, has rarely been examined. This study aims to synthesize previous research to describe the potential of multimodal texts in teaching observation report writing. A literature review was conducted using 16 articles retrieved from Google Scholar (2020–2026) covering junior high, senior high, and vocational high school levels. The data were analyzed qualitatively through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, followed by a cross-synthesis of the two bodies of research. The findings show that studies on multimodal texts and studies on observation report writing have developed separately. The cross-synthesis suggests that infographics, annotated photographs, and observation videos can help students overcome difficulties in formulating the general classification and describing the parts of an object, and a conceptual instructional design framework is proposed. In conclusion, multimodal texts have considerable potential for observation report writing, but the evidence remains indirect; experimental and design-based research is needed.
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